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Los Angeles, often known by its initials L.A., is the second-largest city in America, and the most populous city in the American republic of Pacifica. Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, sprawling metropolis, and as the cultural center of the American entertainment industry. Los Angeles lies in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over 10,000 feet (3,048 meters).

Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was officially founded on September 4th, 1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence. In 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4th, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood. During the Second American Civil War, Los Angeles was among the last major cities in the continental US to fall to the UAPR forces, along with Las Vegas and San Francisco. The American government considered changing the name of the city after the end of the war due to its religious nature, but the plan did not go through due to public resistance.

The city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles metropolitan area and the Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain over 9 million and over 11 million people, respectively, as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world as well as the second-largest in America. Los Angeles is the seat of Los Angeles District. The city's inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos.

Los Angeles is a global city, with strengths in international trade, entertainment, media, science, sports, technology, education and research. The city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the UAPR. Los Angeles includes Hollywood and leads America in the creation of television productions, video games, recorded music, and motion picture production. Additionally, Los Angeles hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1976

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