Newfoundland (French: Terre-Neuve) is the easternmost province of Canada. Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it incorporates the island of Newfoundland as well as mainland Labrador to the northwest, with a combined area of 156,500 square miles (405,333 km2). In 2013, the province's population was estimated at 1,158,744. Approximately 92 percent of the province's population lives on the Island of Newfoundland (including its associated smaller islands), of which more than half live on the Avalon Peninsula. The province is Canada's most linguistically homogenous, with 97.6% of residents reporting English (Newfoundland English) as their mother tongue in the 2006 census. Historically, Newfoundland was also home to unique varieties of French and Irish, as well as the now-extinct Beothuk language. In Labrador, local dialects of Innu-aimun and Inuktitut are also spoken.
Newfoundland's capital and largest city, St. John's, is Canada's 20th-largest Census Metropolitan Area, and is home to almost 40 percent of the province's population. St. John's is the seat of government, home to the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and the highest court in the jurisdiction, the Newfoundland Court of Appeal.
A former colony and dominion of the United Kingdom and British Empire, Newfoundland became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation on March 31st, 1949.