Tientsin

Tientsin (Chinese: 天津; Tianjin Mandarin: /tʰiɛn˨˩tɕin˨˩/; Wade-Giles: Tienchin; literally "Heaven's Ferry") is a metropolis in northern coastal China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China with a total municipal population of 7,765,814. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government. Tientsin borders Hopei Province and Peking Municipality. Bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea. It is the largest coastal city in the PRC.

The walled city of Tientsin was built in 1404. As a treaty port since 1860, Tientsin has been a major seaport and gateway to the nation's capital. During the Boxer Rebellion the city was the seat of the Tientsin Provisional Government. In the period of late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China, Tientsin became one of the largest cities in China. At that time, numerous western-style buildings and mansions were constructed in concessions, many of which are well-preserved today. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tientsin suffered a depression due to the policy of the central government and Tangshan earthquake, but recovered from 1990s. Nowadays Tientsin is a dual-core city, with its main urban area (including the old city) located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal; and Binhai, a New Area urban core located east of the old city, on the coast of Bohai Sea.

Geography[]

Tientsin is located along the west coast of the Bohai Gulf, looking out to the provinces Shantung and Liaoning across those waters, bordered by Peking 75 miles (120.7 kilometers) to the northwest, and except for the east, is surrounded on all sides by Hebei. With a latitude ranging from 38° 34' to 40° 15' N, and longitude ranging from 116° 43' to 118° 04' E, the total area is 4,579.41 square miles (11,860.6 km²). There is 95 miles (152.89 kilometers) of coastline and 706.80 miles (1,137.48 kilometers) of land border. It lies at the northern end of the Grand Canal of China, which connects with the Yellow River and Yangtze River. The municipality is generally flat, and swampy near the coast, but hilly in the far north, where the Yan Mountains intrude into northern Tientsin. The highest point in the municipality is Jiuding Peak (九顶山) in Ji County on the northern border with Hebei, at an altitude of 3,538 feet (1,078.4 meters).

The Hai River forms within Tientsin Municipality at the confluence of the Ziya River (子牙河), Daqing River (大清河), Yongding River, North Grand Canal, and South Grand Canal, and enters the Pacific Ocean within the municipality as well, in Tanggu District. Major reservoirs include the Beidagang Reservoir in the extreme south (in Dagang District) and the Yuqiao Reservoir in the extreme north in Ji County.

Climate[]

Tientsin features a four-season, monsoon-influenced climate, typical of East Asia, with cold, windy, very dry winters reflecting the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone, and hot, humid summers, due to the monsoon. Spring in the city is dry and windy, occasionally seeing sandstorms blowing in from the Gobi Desert, capable of lasting for several days. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −3.4 °C (25.9 °F) in January to 26.8 °C (80.2 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 12.90 °C (55.2 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 48% in July to 61% in October, the city receives 2,522 hours of bright sunshine annually. Having a low annual total precipitation of 511 millimeters (20.1 in), and nearly three-fifths of it occurring in July and August alone, the city lies within the semi-arid zone, with parts of the municipality being humid continental (Köppen Dwa/BSk, respectively). Extreme temperatures have ranged from −22.9 °C (−9 °F) to 40.5 °C (105 °F).

Tientsin

Geography[]

Climate[]

Sister/Twin Cities[]

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